Influence of oral rabies vaccine bait density on rabies seroprevalence in wild raccoons

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• 作者：Andrew C. Sattler ; Roger A. Krogwold ; Thomas E. Wittum ; Charles E. Rupprecht ; Timothy P. Algeo ; Dennis Slate ; Kathleen A. Smith ; Robert L. Hale ; Gary A. Nohrenberg ; Charles D. Lovell ; Mike Niezgoda ; A
• 关键词：Raccoon ; Rabies ; Oral rabies vaccine ; Seroprevalence
• 刊名：Vaccine
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：27 November 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：27
• 期：51
• 页码：7187-7193
• 全文大小：449 K

文摘

The effect of different oral rabies vaccine (ORV) bait densities (75, 150, and 300 baits/km²) on the seroprevalence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNAs) in raccoons (Procyon lotor) was assessed at a 15 % seroprevalence difference threshold in rural areas of northeast Ohio. Results (n = 588 raccoons) indicated that seropositivity for RVNAs was associated with both bait density and bait campaign frequency. Associations were not detected for raccoon gender, age, or macro-habitat. The odds of being seropositive were greater for raccoons originating from 300 bait/km² treatment areas relative to those coming from the 75 bait/km² areas (odds ratio [OR] = 4.4, probability [P] < 0.001, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 2.4–7.9), while accounting for cumulative ORV campaigns. No statistical advantage in seroprevalence was detected when comparing 150–75 baits/km². These results indicate that a relatively extreme bait density when evenly distributed may be necessary to obtain a significant increase in seroprevalence. Higher bait densities may be more appropriate and less costly to address focused outbreaks than labor intensive trap-vaccinate-release and local population reduction campaigns. Finally, dramatic increases in seroprevalence of RVNA were not observed in raccoons between sequential, semi-annual campaigns, yet cumulative ORV campaigns were associated with gradual increases in seroprevalence.