Altered expression of glial markers, chemokines, and opioid receptors in the spinal cord of type 2 diabetic monkeys
文摘
Astrocytes and microglia are activated in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) of diabetic monkeys. Multiple chemokine ligands and receptors (e.g., CCL3-CCR1/5) are simultaneously up-regulated in the SDH of diabetic monkeys. Opioid receptors, MOP, DOP, KOP, but not NOP receptors, are down-regulated in the SDH of diabetic monkeys. Ligand-receptor systems as pain modulators in the SDH are more susceptible to changes than in the thalamus of primates. Neuroinflammation seems to be permanent in the spinal cord of type 2 diabetic monkeys.