pRGO is synthesized by incubating GO under alkaline condition at room temperature.
pRGO possesses higher fluorescence quenching efficiency and faster adsorption rate.
The binding constant of pRGO is much larger than that of GO toward FAM-ssDNA.
A universal sensing strategy is proposed for homogeneous detection of DNA.
Without any amplification process, the limit of detection can reach as low as 50 pM.