Infection with equine infectious anemia virus vaccine strain EIAV_DLV121 causes no visible histopathological lesions in target organs in association with restricted viral replication and unique cytokine response

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• 作者：Qiang Liu^a ; Jian Ma^a ; Xue-Feng Wang^a ; Fei Xiao^a ; Li-Jia Li^a ; Jiao-Er Zhang^a ; Yue-Zhi Lin^a ; Cheng Du^a ; Xi-Jun He^a ; ^{hexijun@caas.cn" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Xiaojun Wang^a ; ^{xjw@hvri.ac.cn" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Jian-Hua Zhou^a ; ^b ; ^{jianhua_uc@126.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：Horses ; Equine infectious anemia virus ; Pathological lesions ; Macrophages ; Cytokine expression
• 刊名：Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：170
• 期：Complete
• 页码：30-40
• 全文大小：2227 K

文摘

The live equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine strain EIAV_DLV121 was developed by in vitro attenuation of a virulent strain, EIAV_LN40, in the 1970s, and it has been demonstrated to induce protective immunity under laboratory and natural EIAV infection conditions. The detailed biological features of this attenuated virus remain to be further investigated. Experimental inoculation with EIAV_DLV121 did not result in clinical symptoms even with immunosuppressive treatment in our previous studies. Here, we further investigated whether the replication of the vaccine strain EIAV_DLV121 in experimentally infected horses causes histopathological lesions to develop in the targeted organs. Both the lungs and the spleen have been demonstrated to support EIAV replication. By evaluating the gross macroscopic and histological changes, we found that EIAV_DLV121 did not cause detectable histopathological lesions and that it replicated several hundred times more slowly than its parental virulent strain, EIAV_LN40, in tissues. Immunochemical assays of these tissues indicated that the primary target cells of EIAV_DLV121 were monocytes/macrophages, but that EIAV_LN40 also infected alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells. In addition, both of these viral strains promoted the up- and down-regulation of the expression of various cytokines and chemokines, implicating the potential involvement of these cellular factors in the pathological outcomes of EIAV infection and host immune responses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the EIAV vaccine strain does not cause obvious histopathological lesions or clinical symptoms and that it induces a unique cytokine response profile. These features are considered essential for EIAV_DLV121 to function as an effective live vaccine.