HCNG enhances idle stability, providing flexibility to control other parameters.
Fuel economy and THC and CO emissions were improved in HCNG idle operations.
Despite H2 addition, NOx is lower for HCNG than CNG owing to lower fuel supplied.
NOx monotonously decreases as 位 increases, owing to less fuel in idle condition.
Spark retardation and lean EAR improve HCNG cold-start performance in at idle.