A two-stage expansion method was proposed for piston-type compressed air engines.
Series-connected 50 and 100 cm3 compressed-air engines gave 1.7 kW power and 12.42 Nm torque at 12 bar air pressure.
Early intake in the first cylinder improved power output by 5.3% while speed increased.
Early intake and exhaust in the second cylinder increased power output by 7%.