Fibromyalgia could be triggered by changing the neurotransmitter metabolism and kindling neuroendocrine system dysfunction in central nervous system. In this study we assessed the fibromyalgia risk among chronic osteomyelitis patients. It was found that chronic osteomyelitis is a risk factor of fibromyalgia, particularly among those in relatively younger ages. Rigorous treatments of chronic osteomyelitis might reduce the risk of developing fibromyalgia in these people.