Activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway led to axonal regeneration in a mouse optic nerve injury model. Wnt signaling was active in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Wnt3a also led to increased RGC survival after injury. The transcription factor Stat3 contributes to Wnt3a-induced axonal regeneration and RGC survival. These findings demonstrate a novel role for retinal Wnt signaling in axonal regrowth.