In this review we provide a broad overview of the clinical presentations of MRCDs in childhood, evaluating the different diagnostic approaches and treatment options, and highlighting the recent research advances in this area.
Extensive research over the years has significantly increased the frequency with which accurate diagnosis is being made, including the identification of new biomarkers and next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. NGS has provided a breakthrough in unravelling the genetic basis of MRCDs, especially considering the complexity of mitochondrial genetics with its dual genetic contributions.
With an increased understanding of the pathophysiology of this group of disorders, clinical trials are now being established using a number of different therapeutic approaches, with the hope of changing the focus of treatment from being largely supportive to potentially having a positive effect on the natural history of the disorder.
This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Special Issue: Frontiers of Mitochondria IG000218.