Chronic CsA nephrotoxicity is the major cause of chronic renal allograft dysfunction.
Chronic CsA nephrotoxicity is mediated by immunologic and non-immunologic pathways.
HMGB1 is an important mediator in chronic CsA nephrotoxicity via TLR4 signaling.
HMGB1 blockade protects against chronic CsA nephrotoxicity.
HMGB1 blockade can be beneficial for increasing renal allograft survival.