Lithium–manganese oxide electrodes containing structurally integrated domains of
layered and
spinel phases, represented in two-component notation as
xLi
2MnO
3 · (1 −
x)Li
1 + yMn
2 − yO
4 (0 <
x < 1, 0
y ![]()
0.33), were synthesized and evaluated in lithium cells. During an initial charge to 5 V, lithium and/or lithia (Li
2O) are extracted from the
spinel and
layered components at distinct voltages. When cycled between 5 and 2 V, a rechargeable capacity >250 mAh/g can be achieved from electrodes prepared at 400 °C during the early cycles. The discharge profiles confirm the
layered–
spinel character of the
composite electrodes. The Li
2MnO
3 Mn(IV) content in the parent
structure and the degree to which lithium and lithia are extracted from the electrode during the initial charge can be used to control the average manganese oxidation state at the end of discharge and electrochemical cycling stability.