The preparation methods are simple, low cost and can be scaled up for large production.
SnO is cheap, non-toxic and eco-friendly.
SnO shows high reversible capacity (Theoretical reversible capacity: 875 mA h g−1).
We showed high reversible capacity and columbic efficiency for SnO and SnO based composites.
We addressed the capacity degradation by introducing secondary phase (CoO and CNT etc.)