Intensive Hemodialysis and Mortality Risk in Australian and New Zealand Populations

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• 作者：Mark R. Marshall ; MBChB ; MPH(Hons) ; FRACP¹ ; ² ; ³ ; ^{mrmarsh@woosh.co.nz" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Kevan R. Polkinghorne ; BHB ; MBChB ; MClinEpi ; PhD ; FRACP⁴ ; ⁵ ; ⁶ ; ⁷ ; ⁸ ; Peter G. Kerr ; MB ; BS(Hons) ; PhD ; FRACP⁴ ; ⁵ ; ⁶ ; ⁷ ; Carmel M. Hawley ; MB ; BS(Hons) ; MMedSci ; FRACP⁹ ; ¹⁰ ; John W.M. Agar ; MB ; BS ; FRCP(Lond) ; FRACP¹¹ ; Stephen P. McDonald ; MB ; BS(Hons) ; PhD ; FRACP⁸ ; ¹²
• 关键词：Intensive hemodialysis ; peritoneal dialysis (PD) ; facility hemodialysis ; home hemodialysis ; dialysis modality ; renal replacement therapy (RRT) ; multivariate analysis ; marginal structural analysis ; temporal change ; patient mortality ; ANZDATA (The Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry) ; end-stage kidney disease (ESKD)
• 刊名：American Journal of Kidney Diseases
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：67
• 期：4
• 页码：617-628
• 全文大小：409 K

文摘

Intensive hemodialysis (HD) is characterized by increased frequency and/or session length compared to conventional HD. Previous analyses from Australia and New Zealand did not suggest benefit with intensive HD, although recent research suggests that relationships have changed. We present updated analyses.

Study Design

Observational cohort study using marginal structural modeling to adjust for changes in renal replacement modality and time-varying medical comorbid conditions.

Setting & Participants

Adults initiating renal replacement therapy since March 31, 1996, followed up through December 31, 2012; this analysis included 40,842 patients over 2,187,689 patient-months.

Predictor

Time-varying renal replacement modality: conventional facility HD (≤3 times per week, ≤6 hours per session), quasi-intensive facility HD (between conventional and intensive), intensive facility HD (≥5 times per week, any hours per session), conventional home HD, quasi-intensive home HD, intensive home HD, peritoneal dialysis, deceased donor kidney transplantation, and living donor kidney transplantation.

Outcomes

Patient mortality, with a 3-month lag in primary analyses and 6- and 12-month lags in sensitivity analyses.

Results

Conventional facility HD was the reference group. Conventional home HD had a similar mortality risk. For quasi-intensive home HD, mortality risk was lower (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.44-0.73). For intensive home HD, mortality risk was nonsignificantly lower in primary analyses and significantly lower using a 6-month lag (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.20-0.85), but not using a 12-month lag. For quasi-intensive facility HD, mortality risk was nonsignificantly lower in primary analyses, although significantly lower using 6- (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.20-0.85) and 12-month lags (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44-0.80). Mortality risk was similar between intensive and conventional facility HD. For peritoneal dialysis, mortality risk was greater than for conventional facility HD (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.12). Kidney transplantation had the lowest mortality risk.

Limitations

Potential residual confounding from limited collection of comorbid condition, socioeconomic, and medication data.

Conclusions

There is an emerging HD dose-effect in Australia and New Zealand, with lower mortality risks associated with some of the more intensive HD regimens in these countries.