Gall-inducing insects are natural engineers that modify the host tissues and metabolisms to improve their fitness.
Gall-inducing insects adjust their life cycles to synchronize with the physiology and phenology of the host plant.
The mechanisms of gall induction and establishment involve signaling molecules like hydrogen peroxide and phytohormones.
Gall-inducing insects redifferentiate the plant host tissue to form a nutritive tissue to improve the insect’s diet.