The intermediate sized particle showed the highest phototoxicity to daphnids.
Phototoxicity was not related to free class="glyphImg imgLazyJSB">OH radicals only but to the generation of different ROS.
Generation of different ROS and daphnia particle interaction area determine phototoxicity.
Phototoxicity was less pronounced in high than in low ionic strength medium.
Particle size and IS of the medium influence phototoxicity of anatase nano-TiO2.