In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Korean Red Ginseng-derived components

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• 作者：Kwang-Soo Baek¹ ; ^☆ ; Young-Su Yi² ; ^☆ ; Young-Jin Son³ ; ^☆ ; Sulgi Yoo¹ ; Nak Yoon Sung¹ ; Yong Kim¹ ; Sungyoul Hong¹ ; Adithan Aravinthan⁴ ; Jong-Hoon Kim⁴ ; ^{jhkim1@chonbuk.ac.kr" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Jae Youl Cho¹ ; ^{jaecho@skku.edu" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：anti-inflammatory activity ; gastritis ; Korean Red Ginseng ; nonsaponin fraction ; saponin fraction
• 刊名：Journal of Ginseng Research
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：October 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：40
• 期：4
• 页码：437-444
• 全文大小：1297 K

文摘

Although Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has been traditionally used for a long time, its anti-inflammatory role and underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms have been poorly understood. In this study, the anti-inflammatory roles of KRG-derived components, namely, water extract (KRG-WE), saponin fraction (KRG-SF), and nonsaponin fraction (KRG-NSF), were investigated.

Methods

To check saponin levels in the test fractions, KRG-WE, KRG-NSF, and KRG-SF were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The anti-inflammatory roles and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of these components were investigated using a macrophage-like cell line (RAW264.7 cells) and an acute gastritis model in mice.

Results

Of the tested fractions, KGR-SF (but not KRG-NSF and KRG-WE) markedly inhibited the viability of RAW264.7 cells, and splenocytes at more than 500 μg/mL significantly suppressed NO production at 100 μg/mL, diminished mRNA expression of inflammatory genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-β at 200 μg/mL, and completely blocked phagocytic uptake by RAW264.7 cells. All three fractions suppressed luciferase activity triggered by interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), but not that triggered by activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappa B. Phospho-IRF3 and phospho-TBK1 were simultaneously decreased in KRG-SF. Interestingly, all these fractions, when orally administered, clearly ameliorated the symptoms of gastric ulcer in HCl/ethanol-induced gastritis mice.

Conclusion

These results suggest that KRG-WE, KRG-NSF, and KRG-SF might have anti-inflammatory properties, mostly because of the suppression of the IRF3 pathway.