The hybrid of PSO and GA has been suggested to obtain weights and biases of ANN.
The proposed method can give appropriate solutions without trapping in local optimum solution.
The applied algorithm is able to model the nonlinear absorbance–concentration relationship and there is no need to use extracted significant principal components as input of ANN.
ANN-PSO-GA method is a powerful tool to estimate the concentration of food colorants with a high degree of overlap without any prior separation.