An assessment of metal supply sustainability as an input to policy: security of supply extraction rates, stocks-in-use, recycling, and risk of scarcity
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- 作者：Harald U. Sverdrupa ; hus@hi.is" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author ; Kristin Vala Ragnarsdottirb ; Deniz Kocac
- 关键词：Hubbert's model ; Dynamic modelling ; Sustainability ; Metals ; Peak metals
- 刊名：Journal of Cleaner Production
- 出版年：2017
- 出版时间：1 January 2017
- 年：2017
- 卷：140
- 期：part_P1
- 页码：359-372
- 全文大小：3213 K
文摘
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A model assessment shows that aspects of scarcity may occur in the next 40 years for copper, zinc and nickel.
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Scrap will become the main source of iron, aluminium and copper within the next 30 years.
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We will run out of energy to produce and money to buy, before we run out of iron, aluminium or copper.