Thirty-four percent of smokers in Vietnam used cigarettes only, 25% used water pipe only, and 41% were dual users.

Only 9% of current cigarette smokers received advice to quit compared to 6% of water pipe and 4% of dual users.

Providers were significantly more likely to screen cigarette smokers compared with Water pipe users and more likely to offer advice to quit to cigarette smokers compared with dual users.

Providers are not only missing opportunities to offer effective cessation treatment to cigarettes users but may be even less likely to address the use of alternative tobacco products.

There is a need for provider training that includes education about the harms of water pipe use and how to screen and offer brief advice and counseling that can address tobacco use across the full range of products.