Some LMNA mutations and HIV antiretrovirals induce vascular muscle cell dysfunction.
Cell alterations include senescence and osteogenic transdifferentiation/calcification.
Decreased expression of ZMPSTE24, a prelamin A maturation enzyme, is a leading factor.
This may contribute to LMNA or HIV-linked premature atherosclerosis and calcification.
Decreased ZMPSTE24 could be involved in pathological and physiological vascular aging.