Global survey of the omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the blood stream of healthy adults

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• 作者：Ken D. Stark^a ; ^{kstark@uwaterloo.ca" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Mary E. Van Elswyk^b ; ^{mveconsulting@q.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; M. Roberta Higgins^c ; ^{medetect@aol.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Charli A. Weatherford^d ; ^{charliaweatherford@gmail.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Norman Salem Jr.^e ; ^{Norman.Salem@dsm.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 刊名：Progress in Lipid Research
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：July 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：63
• 期：Complete
• 页码：132-152
• 全文大小：1793 K

文摘

Studies reporting blood levels of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were systematically identified in order to create a global map identifying countries and regions with different blood levels. Included studies were those of healthy adults, published in 1980 or later. A total of 298 studies met all inclusion criteria. Studies reported fatty acids in various blood fractions including plasma total lipids (33%), plasma phospholipid (32%), erythrocytes (32%) and whole blood (3.0%). Fatty acid data from each blood fraction were converted to relative weight percentages (wt.%) and then assigned to one of four discrete ranges (high, moderate, low, very low) corresponding to wt.% EPA + DHA in erythrocyte equivalents. Regions with high EPA + DHA blood levels (> 8%) included the Sea of Japan, Scandinavia, and areas with indigenous populations or populations not fully adapted to Westernized food habits. Very low blood levels (≤ 4%) were observed in North America, Central and South America, Europe, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Africa. The present review reveals considerable variability in blood levels of EPA + DHA and the very low to low range of blood EPA + DHA for most of the world may increase global risk for chronic disease.