Challenges in the prevention and control of health care–associated infections are multifactorial and may involve external factors beyond the direct control of the health systems.
Governance and stewardship, availability of resources, safety culture, monitoring and surveillance systems, and inappropriate prescription of antibiotics are the main barriers in combating health care–associated infections and mitigating their consequences.
Effective reporting and a surveillance system of health care–associated infections (HAIs) is crucial in identifying and controlling HAIs.