Differential Immune Profiles in Two Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Waves at Pandemic Epicenter

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• 作者：Lourdes Arriaga-Pizano^&lowast ; ; ^a ; Eduardo Ferat-Osorio^&lowast ; ; ^a ; ^b ; Gabriela Rodrí ; guez-Abrego^c ; Ismael Mancilla-Herrera^d ; Esteban Domí ; nguez-Cerezo^a ; ^e ; Nuriban Valero-Pacheco^a ; ^e ; Marisol Pé ; rez-Toledo^a ; ^e ; Fernando Lozano-Patiñ ; o^f ; Fernando Laredo-Sá ; nchez^f ; José ; Malagó ; n-Rangel^f ; Haiko Nellen-Hummel^f ; Cé ; sar Gonzá ; lez-Bonilla^g ; Gabriel Arteaga-Troncoso^h ; Arturo Cé ; rbulo-Vá ; zquezⁱ ; Rodolfo Pastelin-Palacios^j ; Paul Klenerman^k ; Armando Isibasi^a ; Constantino Ló ; pez-Mací ; as^a ; ^l ; ^{constantino@sminmunologia.org" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; ^{constantino.lopez@imss.gob.mx" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：Immune profiles ; Pandemic A(H1N1)pdm2009 influenza ; Pandemic waves
• 刊名：Archives of Medical Research
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：November 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：46
• 期：8
• 页码：651-658
• 全文大小：683 K

文摘

Severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm2009 virus infection cases are characterized by sustained immune activation during influenza pandemics. Seasonal flu data suggest that immune mediators could be modified by wave-related changes. Our aim was to determine the behavior of soluble and cell-related mediators in two waves at the epicenter of the 2009 influenza pandemic.

Methods

Leukocyte surface activation markers were studied in serum from peripheral blood samples, collected from the 1^st (April–May, 2009) and 2^nd (October 2009–February 2010) pandemic waves. Patients with confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm2009 virus infection (H1N1), influenza-like illness (ILI) or healthy donors (H) were analyzed.

Results

Serum IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 levels were elevated in H1N1 patients from the 2^nd pandemic wave. Additionally, the frequency of helper and cytotoxic T cells was reduced during the 1^st wave, whereas CD69 expression in helper T cells was increased in the 2^nd wave for both H1N1 and ILI patients. In contrast, CD62L expression in granulocytes from the ILI group was increased in both waves but in monocytes only in the 2^nd wave. Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells (TREM)-1 expression was elevated only in H1N1 patients at the 1^st wave.

Conclusions

Our results show that during the 2009 influenza pandemic a T cell activation phenotype is observed in a wave-dependent fashion, with an expanded activation in the 2^nd wave, compared to the 1^st wave. Conversely, granulocyte and monocyte activation is infection-dependent. This evidence collected at the pandemic epicenter in 2009 could help us understand the differences in the underlying cellular mechanisms that drive the wave-related immune profile behaviors that occur against influenza viruses during pandemics.