Pressure assisted forward osmosis (PAFO) treats reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC).
PAFO shows a high water production rate with a low concentration of draw solution.
Potassium chloride (KCl) is used as draw solution to use it for direct fertigation.
Granular activated carbon (GAC) and softening reduces organic fouling and scaling.
GAC pretreatment removes organic micropollutants from ROC to below detection limit.