Biodegradability and aquatic toxicity of quaternary ammonium-based gemini surfactants: Effect of the spacer on their ecological properties
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- 作者：M. Teresa Garciaa ; teresa.garcia@iqac.csic.es" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author ; Olga Kaczerewskab ; olga.kaczerewska@wp.pl" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author ; Isabel Ribosaa ; isabel.ribosa@iqac.csic.es" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author ; Bogumił Bryckib ; brycki@amu.edu.pl" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author ; Paulina Maternab ; p_materna@wp.pl" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author ; Małgorzata Drgasb ; madrgas@wp.pl" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author
- 关键词：Gemini surfactants ; Spacer ; Aerobic biodegradation ; Mineralization ; Aquatic toxicity ; Daphnia magna
- 刊名：Chemosphere
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：July 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：154
- 期：Complete
- 页码：155-160
- 全文大小：540 K
文摘
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Quaternary ammonium-based gemini surfactants are not readily biodegradable.
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Failure in biodegradation tests is due to inhibition of inoculum activity.
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Aquatic toxicity decreases with increasing hydrophilicity of gemini surfactants.
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Gemini surfactants are less toxic to aquatic environment than monomeric analogs.