Altered heparan sulfate structure in Glce−/− mice leads to increased Hedgehog signaling in endochondral bones
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Glce deficient mice show a delayed onset of hypertrophic differentiation.

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Ptch1 and Pthrp are upregulated in Glce-/- mice indicating increased Ihh signaling.

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Glce−/− chondrocytes have reduced HS 2-O- and slightly increased 6-O-sulfation.

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Binding of Ihh to HS from Glce−/− mice is reduced in vitro.

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The reduced affinity of Glce−/− HS to Ihh results in increased Ihh signaling.

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