• 作者：D. Moreno-P茅rez ; F.J. 脕lvarez Garc铆a ; J. Ar铆stegui Fern谩ndez ; M.J. Cilleruelo Ortega ; J.M. Corretger Rauet ; N. Garc铆a S谩nchez ; A. Hern谩ndez Merino ; T. Hern谩ndez-Sampelayo Matos ; M. Merino Mo铆na ; L. Ortigosa del Castillo ; J. Ruiz-Contreras ; en representaci贸n del Comit茅 Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociaci贸n Espa帽ola de Pediatr铆a
• 关键词：Vacunas ; Calendario de vacunació ; n ; Enfermedades inmunoprevenibles ; Calendarios de vacunació ; n acelerados
• 刊名：Anales de Pediatr铆a
• 出版年：January, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：80
• 期：1
• 页码：55.e1-55.e37
• 全文大小：2993 K

The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics (CAV-AEP) updates the immunisation schedule every year, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence on safety, effectiveness and efficiency of vaccines.

The present schedule includes levels of recommendation. We have graded, as routine vaccinations, those that the CAV-AEP consider all children should receive; as recommended those that fit the profile for universal childhood immunisation and would ideally be given to all children, but that can be prioritised according to the resources available for their public funding; and as risk group vaccinations those that specifically target individuals in special situations.

Immunisation schedules tend to be dynamic and adaptable to ongoing epidemiological changes. Based on the latest epidemiological trends, CAV-AEP recommends the administration of the first dose of MMR and varicella vaccines at age 12 months, with the second dose at age 2-3 years; the administration of DTaP or Tdap vaccine at age 4-6 years, always followed by another Tdap dose at 11-12 years; and the three meningococcal C scheme at 2 months, 12 months and 12 years of age.

It reasserts its recommendation to include vaccination against pneumococcal disease in the routine immunisation schedule. The CAV-AEP believes that the coverage of vaccination against human papillomavirus in girls aged 11-12 years must be increased. Universal vaccination against varicella in the second year of life is an effective strategy, and the immediate public availability of the vaccine is requested in order to guarantee the right of healthy children to be vaccinated. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants due to the morbidity and elevated healthcare burden of the virus. The Committee stresses the need to vaccinate population groups considered at risk against influenza and hepatitis A. The recently authorised meningococcal B vaccine has opened a chapter of hope in the prevention of this disease. In anticipation of upcoming national and international studies, the Committee recommends the vaccine for the control of disease outbreaks, and insists on the need to be available in pharmacies.

Finally, it emphasises the need to bring incomplete vaccinations up to date following the catch-up immunisation schedule.