How do background ozone concentrations affect the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid in Melissa officinalis?

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• 作者：Anne S. D枚ring ; Elisa Pellegrini ; Michele Della Batola ; Cristina Nali ; Giacomo Lorenzini ; Maike Petersen
• 关键词：4CL ; 4-coumarate ; coenzyme A ligase ; C4H ; cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase ; CoA ; coenzyme A ; EF1伪 ; elongation factor 1 alpha ; FBE ; from beginning of exposure ; PAL ; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ; pHPL ; 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid ; HPPR ; hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase ; qRT-PCR ; quantitative reverse transcription-PCR ; RA ; rosmarinic acid ; RAS ; rosmarinic acid synthase=hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA ; hydroxyphenyllactate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase ; TAT ; tyrosine aminotransferase ; TBE ; Tris/borate/EDTA
• 刊名：Journal of Plant Physiology
• 出版年：1 March, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：171
• 期：5
• 页码：35-41
• 全文大小：1343 K

文摘

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis; Lamiaceae) plants were exposed to background ozone (O₃) dosages (80 ppb for 5 h), because high background levels of O₃ are considered to be as harmful as episodic O₃ peaks. Immediately at the end of fumigation the plants appeared visually symptomless, but necrotic lesions were observed later. The biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid (RA) comprises eight enzymes, among them phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL), tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) and rosmarinic acid synthase (RAS). The transcript levels of these genes have been investigated by quantitative RT-PCR. There was a quick up-regulation of all genes at 3 h of O₃ exposure, but at 24 h from beginning of exposure (FBE) only RAS and PAL were up-regulated. The specific activity of RAS was closely correlated with a decrease of RA concentration in lemon balm leaves. The specific activity of PAL increased at 12 h FBE to 163% in comparison to control levels. This work provides insight into the effect of O₃ stress on the formation of the main phenolic ingredient of the pharmaceutically important plant M. officinalis.