SARS-CoV ORF1b-encoded nonstructural proteins 12-16: Replicative enzymes as antiviral targets

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• 作者：Lorenzo Subissi ; Isabelle Imbert ; Fran莽ois Ferron ; Axelle Collet ; Bruno Coutard ; Etienne Decroly ; Bruno Canard
• 关键词：Coronavirus ; SARS-CoV ; Replication ; Transcription ; Nonstructural proteins
• 刊名：Antiviral Research
• 出版年：January, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：101
• 期：Complete
• 页码：122-130
• 全文大小：1832 K

文摘

The SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) pandemic caused ten years ago by the SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has stimulated a number of studies on the molecular biology of coronaviruses. This research has provided significant new insight into many mechanisms used by the coronavirus replication-transcription complex (RTC). The RTC directs and coordinates processes in order to replicate and transcribe the coronavirus genome, a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA of outstanding length (鈭?7-32 kilobases). Here, we review the up-to-date knowledge on SARS-CoV replicative enzymes encoded in the ORF1b, i.e., the main RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12), the helicase/triphosphatase (nsp13), two unusual ribonucleases (nsp14, nsp15) and RNA-cap methyltransferases (nsp14, nsp16). We also review how these enzymes co-operate with other viral co-factors (nsp7, nsp8, and nsp10) to regulate their activity. These last ten years of research on SARS-CoV have considerably contributed to unravel structural and functional details of one of the most fascinating replication/transcription machineries of the RNA virus world. This paper forms part of a series of invited articles in Antiviral Research on 鈥淔rom SARS to MERS: 10 years of research on highly pathogenic human coronaviruses鈥?