Anthropic activities in the fossiliferous Quranwala Zone, 2.6 Ma, Siwaliks of Northwest India, historical context of the discovery and scientific investigations

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• 作者：Anne Dambricourt Malass&eacute ; ^a ; Mukesh Singh^b ; ^{saar_21@hotmail.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Baldev Karir^b ; Claire Gaillard^a ; Vipnesh Bhardwaj^b ; Anne-Marie Moigne^a ; Salah Abdessadok^a ; C&eacute ; cile Chapon Sao^a ; Julien Gargani^c ; Alina Tudryn^c ; Thomas Calligaro^d ; Amandeep Kaur^b ; Surinder Pal^b ; Manjil Hazarika^e
• 关键词：Siwalik Frontal Range ; India ; Late Pliocene ; Cut marks ; Choppers ; Sub-Himalayan floodplain ; Hominins
• 刊名：Comptes Rendus Palevol
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February-March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：15
• 期：3-4
• 页码：295-316
• 全文大小：10610 K

文摘

The Siwaliks came to be known worldwide since the discovery in 1830 of a great ape in the Miocene molasses of the Potwar. One century later, pebble tools, flakes and handaxes attracted Prehistorians. A re-reading of the Yale-Cambridge Expedition in India (1935), during which Ramapithecus brevirostris was discovered, reveals that stone tools were discovered in the Upper Pliocene gravels of the Soan Basin. Since 2003, the National Museum of Natural History (France) and the Society for Archaeological and Anthropological Research (India) have conducted fieldwork in the northwestern Indian Siwaliks. The Quranwala Zone of Masol, the core of the Chandigarh anticline (Punjab), is well known for its Late Pliocene fauna rich in Hexaprotodon, Cholossochelys, Stegodon, bovids and Hipparion with the occurrence of Equus and Elephas. Fifty hectares have been surveyed during eight field seasons (2008 to 2015) with the discovery of choppers and marks on bones of the Quranwala Zone faunal assemblage, all collected on recent outcrops of the Latest Pliocene. This paper presents the historical context and the rigorous scientific process, which has led to the acknowledgment that some bones, dating back to the Latest Pliocene, present intentional and precise cut marks made by sharp edges in quartzite and an intelligence, which knew the anatomy of the bovid carcasses. Our pluridisciplinary works support anthropic activities 2.6 Ma ago in the sub-Himalayan floodplain and the probability of finding hominin fossils in the Quranwala Zone. This discovery is of immense importance to maintain the efforts of numerous generations in order to develop the prehistory of the Siwaliks and its contribution to the understanding of the hominization process between the Indus Basin, High and East Asia.