CSF levels of neurofilament light protein (NFL), total tau (T-tau), hyperphosphorylated tau (P-tau), YKL-40, A尾38, A尾40, A尾42, soluble amyloid precursor protein 伪 and 尾 (sAPP伪 and sAPP尾) were measured in 21 patients approximately two weeks after CA and in 21 age-matched neurologically healthy controls. The biomarker levels were also compared between patients with good and poor long-term clinical outcome according to Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), activities of daily living (ADL) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE), measuring neurologic function, daily functioning and cognitive function, respectively.
Patients with CA had a very marked increase in the CSF levels of NFL, T-tau and YKL-40 as compared with controls. The levels were increased at about 1200, 700 and 100%, respectively. NFL and T-tau were significantly higher in patients with poor outcome according to all three outcome measures. Patients with poor outcome according to GOS and ADL had higher levels of YKL-40. Levels of A尾38, A尾40, A尾42, sAPP伪 and sAPP尾 were lower in patients with a low MMSE score. P-tau was not significantly altered.
Biomarkers reflecting neuronal damage and inflammation, but not so much A尾 metabolism, were significantly altered in patients after a CA, and the changes were more pronounced in the groups with poor outcome. This calls for future larger studies to determine the prognostic potential of these biomarkers.