Analysis of commercial proanthocyanidins. Part 4: Solid state ¹³C NMR as a tool for in situ analysis of proanthocyanidin tannins, in heartwood and bark of quebracho and acacia, and related species

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• 作者：David G. Reid ; Susan L. Bonnet ; Gabre Kemp ; Jan H. van der Westhuizen
• 关键词：Schinopsis lorentzii ; Acacia mearnsii ; Acacia pycnantha ; Acacia dealbata ; Acacia decurrens ; Acacia karoo ; Searsia lancea ; Condensed tannin ; Extraction ; In situ identification ; Solid state NMR
• 刊名：Phytochemistry
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：October, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：94
• 期：Complete
• 页码：243-248
• 全文大小：1125 K

文摘

¹³C NMR is an effective method of characterizing proanthocyanidin (PAC) tannins in quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii) heartwood and black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) bark, before and after commercial extraction. The B-rings of the constituent flavan-3-ols, catechols (quebracho) or pyrogallols (wattle), are recognized in unprocessed source materials by ¡°marker¡± signals at ca. 118 or 105 ppm, respectively. NMR allows the minimum extraction efficiency to be calculated; ca. 30 % , and ca. 80 % , for quebracho heartwood and black wattle bark, respectively. NMR can also identify PAC tannin (predominantly robinetinidin), and compare tannin content, in bark from other acacia species; tannin content decreases in the order A. mearnsii, Acacia pycnantha (87 % of A. mearnsii), Acacia dealbata and Acacia decurrens (each 74 % ) and Acacia karroo (30 % ). Heartwood from an underexploited PAC tannin source, Searsia lancea, taxonomically close to quebracho, shows abundant profisetinidin and catechin PACs. NMR offers the advantage of being applicable to source materials in their native state, and has potential applications in optimizing extraction processes, identification of tannin sources, and characterization of tannin content in cultivar yield improvement programmes.