Sharing the burden of financing adaptation to climate change

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• 作者：Rob Dellink ; Michel den Elzen ; Harry Aiking ; Emmy Bergsma ; Frans Berkhout ; Thijs Dekker ; Joyeeta Gupta
• 关键词：Adaptation financing ; Burden-sharing ; Historical responsibility
• 刊名：Global Environmental Change
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：October 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：19
• 期：4
• 页码：411-421
• 全文大小：439 K

文摘

Climate change may cause most harm to countries that have historically contributed the least to greenhouse gas emissions and land-use change. This paper identifies consequentialist and non-consequentialist ethical principles to guide a fair international burden-sharing scheme of climate change adaptation costs. We use these ethical principles to derive political principles – historical responsibility and capacity to pay – that can be applied in assigning a share of the financial burden to individual countries. We then propose a hybrid ‘common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities’ approach as a promising starting point for international negotiations on the design of burden-sharing schemes. A numerical assessment of seven scenarios shows that the countries of Annex I of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change would bear the bulk of the costs of adaptation, but contributions differ substantially subject to the choice of a capacity to pay indicator. The contributions are less sensitive to choices related to responsibility calculations, apart from those associated with land-use-related emissions. Assuming costs of climate adaptation of USD 100 billion per year, the total financial contribution by the Annex I countries would be in the range of USD 65–70 billion per year. Expressed as a per capita basis, this gives a range of USD 43–82 per capita per year.