The anatase-TiO2 thin film is bonded directly to the LaAlO3(0 0 1) substrate.
A well-ordered two-domain (1 × 4) and (4 × 1) reconstruction of anatase-TiO2 surface was observed by RHEED and LEED.
STM measurements indicates the coexistence of atomic steps of both 2.5 Å and 5 Å.
The atomic resolution STEM images reveal that the TiO2/LaAlO3 interface to be terminated with LaO layer.