The influence of Nosema (Microspora: Nosematidae) infection on honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) defense against Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae)
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文摘

High-MMR bees show higher mite mortality than low-MMR when inoculated with Varroa.

Varroa inoculation increases bee mortality in high-MMR relative to low-MMR bees.

Mite load was lower in high- than in low-MMR bees when not inoculated with Nosema.

Similar mite load was found in high-MMR and low-MMR bees when Nosema inoculated.

Nosema inoculation reduces Varroa mortality in high-MMR bees.

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