Both the solution structure and the crystal structure of peptidylarginine deiminase type 1 (PAD1) were determined for the first time.
PAD1 has an elongated N-terminal tail structure, which is not found in PAD2 and PAD4.
PAD1 exists as the monomer, whereas PAD2, PAD3, and PAD4 exist as the homodimer.
The monomeric form of PAD1 is advantageous to its broader substrate specificity.