The Magdalena River has high levels of some metals such as Cd, Cu, and Ni.
Most sediment extracts affected lethality, growth, and locomotion of C. elegans.
Sediment extracts induced expression changes in mtl-2, sod-4, and gst-1.
Sediment toxicity was primarily associated with Cd and Pb.
Highest toxicity was observed for samples collected in mining and industrial areas.