Nanoporous graphitic carbon materials: Systematic incorporation of p-/m-/o-nitroaniline as effective redox additives for largely improving the capacitive performance

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• 作者：Zhong Jie Zhang^a ; ^{zhangzj0603@126.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Qian Wang^b ; Yan Qi Zhu^b ; Xiang Ying Chen^b ; ^{cxyhfut@gmail.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 刊名：Carbon
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：100
• 期：Complete
• 页码：564-577
• 全文大小：7218 K

文摘

In present work, we demonstrate a synchronous carbonization and graphitization process to produce nanoporous graphitic carbon materials, using glucose as carbon source, and Ni-Dimethylglyoxime-complex, Ni(dmgH)₂, as graphitization agent. The carbon samples exhibit good graphitic feature at the low carbonization temperature of 800 °C, with the BET surface area of 584 m² g⁻¹, and pore volume of 0.76 cm³ g⁻¹, and it reveals that increasing the temperature to 900 or 1000 °C can largely enhance the graphitization degree but also decrease the porosity. More importantly, p-/m-/o-nitroaniline as novel redox additives that can easily release electrons/protons have been incorporated into KOH electrolyte to elevate the capacitances, in which the concentration plays a crucial role in determining the electrochemical performance. Besides, the PNA-0.15 sample that fixing p-nitroaniline as 0.15 mmol in 6 mol L⁻¹ KOH electrolyte can deliver a large capacitance of 289 F g⁻¹, which is almost the 1.67 times higher than the pristine one without any redox additive (173 F g⁻¹). In addition, the electrochemical tendency of nitroaniline is of p-nitroaniline > o-nitroaniline > m-nitroaniline, but all of the samples after the incorporation with redox additives exhibit higher electrochemical performance than that of the blank sample.