Zebrafish embryos were treated with rapamycin and the inhibition of zTOR and its downstream proteins were validated by immunoblotting. Following the treatment, melanocyte density was quantitated, and senescence and angiogenic responses were determined by senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and endogenous alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, respectively. Relative expression of microRNAs were determined by quantitative RT-PCR.
Rapamycin (400nM) suppressed zTOR pathway by down-regulating the phosphorylation of zTOR-associated proteins such as P70S6K and S6K at both 4 h post-fertilisation (hpf) and 8 hpf while 4E-BP1 was only down-regulated at 8 hpf when compared to their respective vehicle controls. Treatment with rapamycin also resulted in significant suppression of melanocyte development and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, and perturbed the development of intersegmental vessels (ISVs) of zebrafish embryos. In addition, the expressions of dre-miR-9-5p and -3p, dre-miR-25-3p and dre-miR-124-3p were significantly up-regulated in embryos treated with rapamycin from 4 hpf.
Our findings suggest the involvement of zTOR in embryonic senescence and angiogenesis which could be potentially mediated by selected miRNAs.