文摘
Quasi-static and dynamic testing was performed on splitting, expansion and hybrid expansion-splitting tubes. ‘Flat topped’ energy absorbers, such as splitting, expansion and expansion-splitting tubes, increase their mean load as they are subjected to oblique loading. A novel methodology is proposed to assess the sensitivity of Type I, ‘flat topped’ energy absorbers to the application of oblique loading. Expansion-splitting tubes exhibit little sensitivity to the application of oblique loading under quasi-static conditions. Splitting tubes and Expansion-splitting tubes exhibit little sensitivity to the application of oblique loading under dynamic conditions.