Dual-function forests in the returning farmland to forest program and the flexibility of environmental policy in China
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文摘
The RFFP compensates farmers for planting trees on retired farmland. Much “ecological forest” planted is “dual-function forest” composed of tree crops. Varying local outcomes show commercial varieties do not ensure tree establishment. Residents and officials acting strategically reshaped the RFFP in unpredictable ways. Dual-function forests recast the social and environmental significance of the RFFP.

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