The role of the water tankers market in water stressed semi-arid urban areas:Implications on water quality and economic burden

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• 作者：Kinda Constantine^a ; May Massoud^b ; Ibrahim Alameddine^a ; Mutasem El-Fadel^a ; ^{mfadel@aub.edu.lb}
• 关键词：Water tankers ; Water quality ; Socio-economic impacts
• 刊名：Journal of Environmental Management
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：1 March 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：188
• 期：Complete
• 页码：85-94
• 全文大小：1437 K
• 卷排序：188

文摘

Reliance on water tankers is an adaptation measure in areas with chronic shortages. The sector is often unregulated and operates with little governmental supervision. Strong evidence suggests that water tankers contribute to total coliform contamination. Delivered water costs showed a markup of 8–24 folds of the public supply system. Economic burden of 16% of household income excluding environmental externalities.