The identification of intra-species groups, such as ecotypes, is crucial to conservation.
We tested for two ecotypes in one caribou subspecies based on female movement and location.
Spatial behaviours were bi-modal; calving season locations discriminated ecotypes well.
The distinction may be permanent; no individuals switched between ecotypes in 3 years of study.
Calving and breeding ranges were distinct; overlapping winter ranges are a challenge to managers.