The microeconomics of residential photovoltaics: Tariffs, network operation and maintenance, and ancillary services in distribution-level electricity markets
We model a distribution-level electricity market considering residential PV adoption. We investigate tariffs under the assumption of sustainability for electric utilities. We validate the model over U.S. data. We investigate costs for network operation and maintenance and ancillary services. Net metering is preferable if PV adoption does not imply additional network costs.