Relationships between teachers’ background, their subject knowledge and pedagogic efficacy, and pupil achievement in primary school mathematics in Hong Kong: An indicative study
High levels of pedagogic efficacy positively affected pupils’ achievement. Ability to perform mathematics operations positively affected pupils’ achievement. Subject knowledge was related to teachers’ performance of mathematical operations. Pedagogic efficacy to be more strongly associated with pupil achievement. The training of teachers should take into account the development of pedagogic efficacy.