Inflammation in Schizophrenia: Cytokine Levels and Their Relationships to Demographic and Clinical Variables

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• 作者：Ellen E. Lee ; M.D.^a ; ^d ; Suzi Hong ; Ph.D.^a ; ^b ; Averria Sirkin Martin ; Ph.D.^a ; ^d ; Lisa T. Eyler ; Ph.D.^a ; ^f ; ^** ; Dilip V. Jeste ; M.D.^a ; ^c ; ^d ; ^e ; ^** ; ^{djeste@ucsd.edu}
• 关键词：TNF-α ; IL-6 ; IFN-γ ; schizophrenia ; inflammation ; cytokines
• 刊名：The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：January 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：25
• 期：1
• 页码：50-61
• 全文大小：251 K
• 卷排序：25

文摘

Inflammation may play a role in the accelerated physical aging reported in schizophrenia, though biomarker findings and associations with demographic and clinical factors are inconsistent.MethodsIn a cross-sectional, case-control design, 95 outpatients with schizophrenia (mean age ± SD: 48.1 ± 10.2 years) and 95 demographically comparable healthy comparison subjects (HCs) (mean age ± SD: 48.1 ± 12.1 years) were studied. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were assayed. The authors compared cytokine levels, examined demographic and clinical associations, and adjusted for relevant variables with linear models.ResultsIndividuals with schizophrenia had higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 but not IFN-γ than HCs. Age was not related to cytokine levels, and age relationships did not differ between diagnostic groups. Women had higher levels of IL-6. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly correlated with depressive symptoms, and adjustment for depression reduced the group effect for both. Within the HCs, TNF-α levels were associated with physical comorbidity and body mass index. IL-6 levels were significantly correlated with body mass index and within schizophrenia patients, with worse mental and physical well-being. Accounting for physical morbidity and mental well-being reduced group differences in TNF-α and IL-6 levels, respectively. Worse positive symptoms were associated with higher IL-6 levels.ConclusionHigher TNF-α and IL-6 levels in schizophrenia patients were associated with depression, physical comorbidity, and mental well-being. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to assess inflammation as a potential treatment target for a subgroup of schizophrenia.