Update on hepatitis E virology: Implications for clinical practice

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• 作者：Yannick Debing¹ ; ^&dagger ; ; Darius Moradpour² ; Johan Neyts¹ ; Jé ; rô ; me Gouttenoire² ; ^{Jerome.Gouttenoire@chuv.ch" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：7mG ; 7-methylguanylate ; CSF ; cerebrospinal fluid ; gt ; genotype ; HCV ; hepatitis C virus ; HEV ; hepatitis E virus ; ESCRT ; endosomal sorting complexes required for transport ; IFN ; interferon ; IRF3 ; interferon regulatory factor 3 ; ISG ; interferon-stimulated gene ; NF-κB ; nuclear factor-κB ; ORF ; open reading frame ; PCP ; papain-like cysteine protease ; PegIFNα ; pegylated interferon-α ; PRR ; pattern recognition receptor ; RdRp ; RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ; RT-qPCR ; reverse transcription quantitative PCR ; R
• 刊名：Journal of Hepatology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：July 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：65
• 期：1
• 页码：200-212
• 全文大小：1267 K

文摘

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a positive-strand RNA virus transmitted by the fecal-oral route. The 7.2 kb genome encodes three open reading frames (ORF) which are translated into (i) the ORF1 polyprotein, representing the viral replicase, (ii) the ORF2 protein, corresponding to the viral capsid, and (iii) the ORF3 protein, a small protein involved in particle secretion. Although HEV is a non-enveloped virus in bile and feces, it circulates in the bloodstream wrapped in cellular membranes. HEV genotypes 1 and 2 infect only humans and cause mainly waterborne outbreaks. HEV genotypes 3 and 4 are widely represented in the animal kingdom and are transmitted as a zoonosis mainly via contaminated meat. HEV infection is usually self-limited but may persist and cause chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. Reduction of immunosuppressive treatment or antiviral therapy with ribavirin have proven effective in most patients with chronic hepatitis E but therapy failures have been reported. Alternative treatment options are needed, therefore. Infection with HEV may also cause a number of extrahepatic manifestations, especially neurologic complications. Progress in the understanding of the biology of HEV should contribute to improved control and treatment of HEV infection.