Cost-effectiveness of energy performance renovation measures in Finnish brick apartment buildings

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• 作者：Tuomo Niemelä ; ^a ; ^b ; ^{tuomo.niemela@granlund.fi} ; ^{tuomo.niemela@aalto.fi} ; Risto Kosonen^b ; ^{risto.kosonen@aalto.fi} ; Juha Jokisalo^b ; ^{juha.jokisalo@aalto.fi}
• 关键词：Cost-optimal renovation ; Cost-effectiveness ; Optimisation ; Energy efficiency ; Heat pump system ; Energy simulation
• 刊名：Energy and Buildings
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：15 February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：137
• 期：Complete
• 页码：60-75
• 全文大小：3552 K
• 卷排序：137

文摘

Multi-objective optimisation is an efficient method in energy and cost-optimality analyses of buildings. It is more cost-effective to improve the energy performance of the HVAC and energy systems than the energy performance of the building envelope. Heat pump systems are more cost-effective and energy efficient than district heating. External financial support is needed to encourage apartment building owners to conduct deep renovations towards nZEBs.