Non-target effects of three formulated pesticides on microbially-mediated processes in a clay-loam soil
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- 作者：Borja Muñ ; oz-Leoza ; borja.munoz@ehu.es ; Carlos Garbisub ; cgarbisu@neiker.net ; Jean-Yves Charcossetc ; d ; jean-yves.charcosset@univ-tlse3.fr ; José ; M. Sá ; nchez-Pé ; rezc ; d ; jose-miguel.sanchez-perez@univ-tlse3.fr ; Iñ ; aki Antigü ; edade ; Estilita Ruiz-Romeraa ; estilita.ruiz@ehu.es
- 关键词：DW ; dry weight ; QR ; respiratory quotient ; Nmin ; potentially mineralizable nitrogen ; H&prime ; Shannon's diversity ; T-SQI ; treated-soil quality index
- 刊名：Science of the Total Environment
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：1 April, 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：449
- 期：Complete
- 页码：345-354
- 全文大小：1050 K
文摘
An experiment was performed to study non-target effects of difenoconazole (fungicide), deltamethrin (insecticide) and ethofumesate (herbicide) on microbial parameters in a clay-loam soil. Pesticides were applied as commercial formulations to soil samples at different concentrations (5, 50 and 500 mg kg? 1 DW soil) and then incubated under laboratory conditions for 3 months. Throughout the incubation period, microbial parameters were determined at days 7, 30, 60 and 90. At 5 mg kg? 1 DW soil, none of the three pesticides caused significant changes in soil microbial parameters. In contrast, at 500 mg kg? 1 DW soil, pesticide application decreased overall soil microbial activity, negatively affecting the activity of soil enzymes. Similarly, at 500 mg kg? 1 DW soil, difenoconazole and ethofumesate, but not deltamethrin, caused a pesticide-induced stress on soil microbial communities, as reflected by the respiratory quotient. Besides, deltamethrin and ethofumesate at 50 and 500 mg kg? 1 DW soil resulted in lower values of denitrification potential. It was concluded that, although pesticide concentration had a somewhat inconsistent and erratic effect on soil microbial parameters, pesticide application at 500 mg kg? 1 DW soil did have an impact on many of the microbial parameters studied here.