Recent progress in understanding the structure and molecular mechanism of NSF has made it one of the best-characterized Type II AAA + ATPases.
Cryo-electron microscopy is a powerful method for structural characterization of Type II AAA + ATPases. However, imposing symmetry should be avoided during cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction whenever possible.
Although significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanism of NSF, there are still many remaining questions.